Month: June 2021

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You may consider this to be an easier way of understanding reality physics

A simple physics description of universal reality and how it might theoretically work in the manner that it does. This blog has been constructed to be another reference point to the blog entitled: How things might work.

A] The Planck line separates quantum from sub-quantum phenomena. It represents the smallest material phenomena that physicists can detect and measure.

B] Below the Planck line is where Quantum Mechanics theory steps in [all the weird things that are known to happen in physics such as that all things and events are somehow connected to each other and acts as though the Universe has its own consciousness and can think that some scientists refer to as being the limits of uncertainty relationships].

C] The dotted lines below Quantum Mechanics [B as illustrated above] are representational of things and events that are more weird than those things happening in the universe than those occurring at the Quantum Mechanics level. This lower level physics is the deepest level of physics and is sometimes referred to by Physicists as being informational physics. Human consciousness and intuition might be seen to be as examples of phenomena at this level.

D] Above the Planck line (A) is the quantum and the atomic levels of physics where things and events can be observed and measured. These levels embrace materialist [meaning observable and testable] temporal objects and movement. For example these include various effects of movement as described in Einstein’s theories.

E] Quantum theory includes phenomena entitled non-locality [entanglement theory]. Non-locality embraces and influences and effects all things and events in both the quantum [D level in the above diagram] as well as those at the B and C level in the same diagram. [The C level might be considered to be the “home” of non-locality].

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“A low, unexplained experimental noise could herald a revolution in the making…” Looking at the deepest possible level of physics

Quote:

“Our best theory of physical reality is exquisite – but inexplicable. A low, unexplained experimental noise could herald a revolution in the making

Art by Andrea Minini”

My comment: What Bob Henderson is essentially saying in this Newscientist magazine article is that he believes that there is a far deeper level to the wider reality around us than we can only ever imagine. Henderson is effectively saying that anything is possible in the wider world around us. I agree with his comments.

Quote continued:

“By Bob Henderson

NATURE gives rise to weird and wonderful things: dancing plants, sailing stones, flamingos. But no one, except perhaps on a hallucinogenic trip, has seen a flamingo melt into a wave or split itself into multiple copies. And that may be the weirdest thing of all, since our best theory of nature seems to suggest those things could happen.

That theory is quantum mechanics. Despite its spectacular success accounting for the bizarre behaviour of subatomic particles, it’s not clear how, or even if, it can explain why much larger bodies don’t behave in a similarly strange way. This is one reason why Einstein, among others, never accepted quantum theory as the ultimate description of nature.

Now a new experiment has seen a hint that these quantum critics may be right. The result must still be corroborated by many other tests, some now getting under way, but there’s no overstating the significance if it is shown to be correct. “It would be revolutionary,” says physicist and Nobel laureate Anthony Leggett at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. “It would shatter the notion that quantum mechanics is the whole story about the physical world.”

The real problem with quantum mechanics is simply stated. “What the hell is it about?” says physicist Sheldon Goldstein of Rutgers University in New Jersey…”

Source

I suggest that this “hell” can be explained by David Bohm’s Infinite Potential theory.*

*If the words in this presentation seem to you to have a degree of validity I introduce you to this David Bohm documentary trailer to the full Infinite Potential video. In doing this try to understand the philosophical commentary thereto rather than the physics debate therein. Some of the science is complicated and not designed to be fully understood by lay persons, including me.

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The great WW2 German prisoner of war escape tunnel site revisited

If you have never heard about this fascinating story of war time audacity, bravery and heroism I urge you to read on.

On March 24th 1944 seventy six prisoners of war escaped from a heavily fortified German prisoners of war camp. The camp was designed to be escape proof. Hitler was furious. Unfortunately for the escapees things did not go to plan because of a survey error that meant that the exit point of the primary tunnel of three fell just short of the thick woods where it was planned to be. Three escapees made it back to England, twenty six were captured and locked up again and the remainder were executed under Hitlers orders. The tunnel names were Tom, Dick and Harry. Harry was 102 meters long. Click here if you have never heard about this history making story. This copy is taken from the original professionally posted article as cited at the end of the text.

The airmen that died

The more complete story

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Is it time to mourn the Yangtze and Mekong rivers?

If this is so could this soon lead to an international geo-political crisis?

I do not have an opinion about this question. However I am a little aprehensive about this possibility. I provide you with links to assist you to make up your own minds about this important question.

A] The Mekong river

Link 1

Link 2

Link 3

Link 4

Link 5

B] The Yangtze river

Link 1

Link 2

Link 3

Link 4

Link 5

Is the Yellow river in the same state?

Link

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Going backwards in time before your eyes

We have been told that in physics that it is not possible to travel back in time. However, around seventy years ago a highly respected physicist by the name of David Bohm pointed out by analogy that in his opinion there exists a ‘layer’ of universal reality that he referred to as the implicate order. His analogy was along the lines of this experimental quotation:-

Quote:

“…It consists of two concentric glass cylinders. Between them is a viscous fluid, such as glycerine. If a drop of insoluble ink is placed in the glycerine and the outer cylinder is turned slowly, the drop of dye will be drawn out into a thread. Eventually the thread gets so diffused it cannot be seen. At that moment there seems to be no order present at all. Yet if you slowly turn the cylinder backward, the glycerine draws back into its original form, and suddenly the ink drop is visible again. The ink had been enfolded into the glycerine, and it was unfolded again by the reverse turning.

Suppose you put a drop of dye in the cylinder and turn it a few times, then put another drop in the same place and turn it. When you turn the cylinder back, wouldn’t you get a kind of oscillation?

Yes, you would get a movement in and out. We could put in one drop of dye and turn it and then put in another drop of dye at a slightly different place, and so on. The first and second droplets are folded a different number of times. If we keep this up and then turn the cylinder backward, the drops continually appear and disappear. So it would look as if a particle were crossing the space, but in fact it’s always the whole system that’s involved…” (I italicised the text)

Source

I present you with two video references that demonstrate what these words mean. I also draw your attention to the fact that these experiments visually demonstrate how it is possible to reverse time under everyday conditions. Demonstrations one and two establish this point.

This appearing and  disappearing of the insoluble dye in the cylinder represents what I symbolically see as being the mechanical relationship between ordinary ‘things’ and events going on around us (represented by the diffused dye in the clear glycerine) and something ‘bigger’ than  us that is conceivably without time. This is the openness of the empty inner cylinder. As observers looking from the outside of the walls of the larger cylinder they would see the whole of the two glass cylinder apparatus system as though it were a single unit. This is until such time as the dye droplet was introduced to the system. In the process we would not notice that the droplet was confined to the space between the outer walls of both the larger and the smaller cylinder. I am suggesting that the progressive diffusing of the dye as a thread as it moves ‘ahead’ in clock time is related to the speed of the clockwise movement of the outer cylinder.

However, as observers outside the system we would not notice this separation of the wider complete system. In this sense we might say that the empty inner area of the smaller cylinder of the system is an area (or continuum) without knowable dimensions or time. The area outside of it containing the glycerine is an area that we can observe with clock time. This is because we can measure the speed of the diffusing thread of dye as the outer cylinder rotates. It follows from this that visually we would not know that the ‘area’ inside the smaller contained cylinder existed in the first place. From this we might say that the dye is diffusing throughout the complete system as distinct from it moving from just one part of it.  We might then say that there exists within the system two areas (continuums) as though they are one. I say that as the turning larger cylinder later reverts to moving in an anti-clockwise state of motion, it progressively re-establishes its former non diffused (nearly complete) droplet state. This is notionally both within the without time (informational) reference frame of the invisible ‘contents’ of the inner cylinder as well as the adjacent clock time reference frame containing the glycerine and the dye. It is within the clock time reference frame that the dye is backward enfolding itself on itself as though it had a memory to exactly do this. This suggests that it is moving backwards in time commensurate to some sort of universal order and rules that scientists do not yet understand. We might then assume that the same unknown rules and conditions are applicable to the empty contents of the smaller cylinder as well. In other words it might then be argued that these same rules and universal conditions are applicable to the universe as a whole. If this is the case then these words support my notion that the universe is a two layer one and as such this is consistent with Bohm’s theory that there is both an implicate and explicate order in the universe.

Taking my ideas one step further, I feel that what we must consider in this instance is that this without time reference frame of ‘something’ in the smaller cylinder is one that might be of an analogical ether type (although it is perhaps easier to visualise it as being a ‘blob’ of informational consciousness). I am suggesting that this ether of information is conscious of both itself as well as the happenings (day to day effects) of mechanical things and events taking place around it. In this case it is within the space (continuum) between its outer wall perimeter and the outer wall of the larger cylinder.

As the outer cylinder reverts to moving in an anti-clock wise direction (with its contents of dye moving from a diffused state to a indiffused state, we observe the mechanical effects of the dye progressively re-threading itself to its original droplet state.

I am suggesting that the dye within the time cylinder continuum is conjunctionally moving in both relationship to the clock time continuum within which it is moving as well as an mechanically indeterminable without time informational ether blob like continuum. It is this blob of ether information (through its consciousness) that ensures that the coding (like a bar code) of the information of diffusing and refusing of the dye is never lost. This is although observably to us it seems to be moving only in clock time in both of the directions that the cylinder moves. In other words as the quotes says “…it is always the whole system that’s  involved…” with all things and events going on around us at all times.

This is consistent with both the proof of concept as described in the quotation as well as the two video links cited above as well.  I suggest that the following physics quotation relating to droplet ‘path memory’ is complimentary to this debate as well.

Quote

“… In each test, the droplet wends a chaotic path that, over time, builds up the same statistical distribution in the fluid system as that expected of particles at the quantum scale. But rather than resulting from indefiniteness or a lack of reality, these quantum-like effects are driven, according to the researchers, by “path memory.”Every bounce of the droplet leaves a mark in the form of ripples, and these ripples chaotically but deterministically influence the droplet’s future bounces and lead to quantum-like statistical outcomes. The more path memory a given fluid exhibits — that is, the less its ripples dissipate — the crisper and more quantum-like the statistics become. “Memory generates chaos, which we need to get the right probabilities,” Couder explained. “We see path memory clearly in our system. It doesn’t necessarily mean it exists in quantum objects, it just suggests it would be possible…” (I italicised the text)

Source

From these ideas you may assume that I am suggesting that ‘universal reality’ is dualistic. This is analogous to a two dimensional ‘layer’ universe about which the informational layer (Bohm’s invisible and indivisible implicate order layer) is the ‘dominant player’ in this universal system and Bohm’s explicit layer is materially visible and divisible quanta that include particles. If you consider the analogy and my commentary, you might say that these particles are not only crossing material space but also the whole of the described system as well. This includes the ether continuum described. This analogy might also demonstrate how mechanical clock time can ‘comfortably’ co- exist with a wider informational blob of without time ‘nothing’.

I am committed to the notion that all things and events taking place in the universe (including the ‘workings’ of you and me) are in this dualistic state that I refer to as an explicit and implicit state.

If you care to know a little more about the wider back ground of Bohm’s ideas in this area you might find that this reference is a useful link in order to do so.*

*If the words in this presentation seem to you to have a degree of validity I introduce you to this David Bohm documentary trailer to the full Infinite Potential video. In doing this try to understand the philosophical commentary thereto rather than the physics debate therein. Some of the science is complicated and not designed to be fully understood by lay persons, including me.

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Did you know that two objects remain intimately intertwined, even if they’re at opposite ends of the universe?

ABC Science claims that this might include objects as large as the width of a human hair. This massive quantum entanglement experiment could help solve a physics mystery

Written by science reporter Belinda Smith on 26 April 2018.*

I quote Smith’s words as follows.

Quote:

“Physicists detected signs of entanglement between two vibrating ‘drumheads’, each around the width of a human hair.

Few ideas are as mind-bending as quantum entanglement: that two objects remain intimately intertwined, even if they’re at opposite ends of the universe.

Key points:

  • Particles are entangled if they are created at precisely the same time and point
  • Entangling massive objects in a stable way has proved tricky for experimental physicists
  • In a paper published this week, two vibrating ‘drumheads’, comprising trillions of atoms, were kept in an entangled state for 30 minutes
  • Observing quantum states in massive objects could help reconcile quantum mechanics with Einstein’s theory of general relativity

To date, stable entangled objects created by scientists have been mostly limited to tiny particles. Think atoms or electrons.

But a team of physicists has for the first time kept two vibrating metal membranes, each made of trillions of atoms, entangled for a good half hour, according to a study published in Nature.

The membranes may seem infinitesimal to us, at around the width of the finest human hair, but they were massive on an atomic scale.

These kinds of experiments could help physicists reconcile two seemingly incompatible concepts in science — general relativity and quantum mechanics — said Matt Woolley, a physicist at the University of New South Wales Canberra and one of the report’s authors.

Get acquainted with entanglement

Particles are entangled if they are created at precisely the same time and point.

It’s reasonably straightforward to do in the lab, said Ben Buchler, a physicist at the Australian National University who was not involved in the study, and physicists can control their properties.

In his own research, for instance, he can split a photon — a tiny packet of energy that makes up light — into two.

These “offspring” each have half the energy of the original photon, but are entangled.

Imagine we have a couple of photons entangled in a way that means if one photon vibrates in a specific direction — say, up and down — the other will always vibrate side to side.

If you measure the vibration state of one entangled photon, you’ll immediately know the state of its twin, regardless of the distance between them.

Quantum particles can affect one another’s behaviour over vast distances.

But Dr Woolley wasn’t interested in anything as ephemeral as a photon.

He and his colleagues from Finland and the United States went big.

They made a pair of vibrating aluminium membranes, or “drumheads”, each 20 microns across.

“You can’t quite see them with the naked eye, but they’re pretty close,” Dr Woolley said.

These were connected to metal plates via a superconducting electrical circuit, which had no electrical resistance.

The whole shebang was cooled to a touch above absolute zero, or -273 degrees Celsius.

Microwaves coursing through the circuit entangled the drumheads. And the drumheads stayed entangled for 30 minutes.

Quantum mechanics: it’s all relative

These days, entanglement is accepted as a lynchpin of quantum mechanics, but it wasn’t always the case.

It takes more than entanglement to impress Albert Einstein.

Einstein wasn’t convinced by the idea, famously calling the concept “spooky action at a distance”.

But it’s this spooky action, which bestows absolute and immediate certainty about the properties of something next door or even half a world away, that forms a fundamental part of quantum communication.

There’s also teleportation — not in the science fiction sense of beaming matter from one place to another, but reproducing the quantum state of entangled objects, Dr Woolley said.

The drumhead experiment might also be used to find a way to reconcile quantum mechanics with Einstein’s theory of general relativity, which describes gravity as curved space-time, Dr Buchler said.

“We know, at least from a mathematical perspective, that general relativity is inconsistent with quantum mechanics,” he said.

“Everything we see in the sky seems to agree brilliantly with general relativity and everything we see that’s very small works brilliantly with quantum mechanics.

“And yet we know one or both of these theories are incomplete in some way, because we can’t stick them together mathematically.”

The real challenge, he added, is to design and carry out more experiments where general relativity and quantum mechanics are important at the same time — something that he believes might be plausible in the next decade.

Physicists might just then unravel the physics that dominated the first moments of the universe.

“At the very early universe, you had a very tiny object which exploded, and the entire universe was created,” Dr Buchler said.

“When it was very small, quantum mechanics must have been important. As it became larger, we describe it with general relativity.””

*If the words in this presentation seem to you to have a degree of validity I introduce you to this David Bohm documentary trailer to the full Infinite Potential video. In doing this try to understand the philosophical commentary thereto rather than the physics debate therein. Some of the science is complicated and not designed to be fully understood by lay persons, including me.

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Towards a new Psychology for the 21st Century

A review of the 2006 book publication ‘Irreducible mind: Towards a Psychology for the 21st Century’ written by Ulrich Mohrloff

Because I believe that Mohrloff’s words are ageless I do not see the fourteen year time gap between when he wrote his review and today as being relevant.

In my opinion this book review by Mohrloff is a must read for readers who seek to better understand and appreciate the original corner stones of contemporary psychology and psychiatry. Mohrloff talks at great length about what he sees are the two founding ‘fathers’ of these two mental health disciplines of medicine. These persons are Myers and James.

For the purposes of this blog I have linked psychology and psychiatry in the manner that I have as a matter of convenience. In my opinion they are much the same. I say this in the sense that neither of these disciplines accept the fact that the real world, together with our presence in it are by nature ‘flippant’ and unpredictable. In other words what is the ‘normal’ yard stick upon which we may observe and measure our every day life attitudes and subsequent behavior? This is whether they be socially correct (moral) or otherwise.

I think that it is this unpredictability surrounding our lives that Mohrloff is drawing our attention to. He seems to be saying that life should be considered to exist in the continuum of some sort of wider holistic whole that we have minimal control over yet at the same time this whole is like the grand concert master of every aspect of our lives. For example I will quote a few lines from chapter 2 of Mohrloff’s review…

Quote:

“The second chapter (by Emily Williams Kelly) summarizes the theoretical and empirical contributions of Myers to the investigation of the mind-body relation. His huge body of published writings is essentially an elaboration of the view that certain phenomena of psychology, particularly of abnormal psychology and psychical research, demonstrate that human personality is far more extensive than we ordinarily realize. According to Myers, our normal waking consciousness (which he calls the supraliminal consciousness) amounts to a relatively small selection of psychological elements and processes from a more extensive consciousness (which he calls the Subliminal Self), and the biological or-ganism, instead of producing consciousness, limits and shapes ordinary waking con-sciousness out of this larger, mostly latent, Self. In Myers’s view, evolution has a subjective element from the start.  It began with an un-differentiated sensory capacity,… (now quoting Myers)

“… which possessed the power of responding in an indefinite number of ways to an indefinite num-ber of stimuli. It was only the accident of its exposure to certain stimuli and not to others which has made it what it now is. And having shown itself so far modifiable as to acquire these highly specialised senses which I possess, it is doubtless still modifiable in direc-tions as unthinkable to me as my eyesight would have been unthinkable to the oyster. (Myers, 1889, p. 190) …”

Myers believed in the metaphysical elements existing in the wider world around us. James paid tribute to Myers in his eulogy to Myers in 1901.

Also see

Morhloff’s review

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Understanding 5G. Unraveling some mysteries

I present an article written by Anthony Rutkowski. Rutkowski’s credentials are cited further down. I believe that very few of us are aware of the greater story quietly lurking behind the contemporary international 5G debate.  It seems to me that the author has done a sound job in composing this article. I have emboldened text that I feel that might most interest my readers

Quote:

“The initial, essential step toward understanding 5G is to perform an intellectual body purge of the endless disgorging of cluelessness and disinformation that emerges from the Washington White House and radiates out around that city and then to the outside world that it infects. The institutes, pundits, self-professed experts, summits, and even the U.S. press all pretty much feed out of the same trough of 5G political slop that gets passed around as incantations of ignorance, spin, and K-street lobbying.

The next essential step is the difficult one. Unfortunately, it requires the hard work and a knowledge base obtained from following and analyzing the only authoritative collective sources of 5G information — and that is the multiple global industry bodies where hundreds of technical experts constantly collaborate at diverse locations contributing thousands of input documents per month developing and specifying in great detail, the architectures, services, interfaces, radio links, and capabilities that constitute 5G. These bodies have been working on this effort for the past five years, and publish the resulting documents in a series of releases that resemble computer operating system versions. Release 16 — which is true 5G SA with network core virtualization (as opposed to transitional precursors) — is being accomplished this year. Subsequent releases promise ever more advanced applications and features. The bottom line: 5G is a constantly evolving continuum.

These bodies are usually layered and have endless strings of acronyms like the 3GPP (SA, CT, RAN) core, which is then surrounded by NFV ISG, MEC ISG, ETSI TCs, MEF, ITU-R, ITU-T, OASIS, TCG, IETF, OMA, GSMA, IEEE802. You can search on the acronyms for meanings, access portals, meetings, participants, and input and output materials. Additionally, large swaths of 5G work never make it into the global industry fora, and only appear in patent filings, research literature, and product announcements that require continuous monitoring and assessment. Given the enormous complexity and continuously evolving technical and institutional complexities spread across all these venues, anything approaching a complete understanding is not possible. All 5G knowledge is an approximation at a point in time.

Principal 5G features

A number of basic features can be distilled out of the enormous swirling 5G maelstrom that go far beyond the focus on political trivializations, lobbying, trolling for spectrum, and marketing in the popular press. These features represent a tectonic change far exceeding anything seen in the history of electronic communications – in the way networks and services are instantiated and provided.

  • Virtualization of everything from data centres and local Mobile Edge Computing facilities
  • Partitioned architectures & services on demand transparently across all media using network slicing
  • Shifting away from DARPA internet protocols to low-latency Virtual Carrier Ethernet
  • Prolific ephemeral encryption
  • High-speed mobility support combined with constant dynamic portability to mobile platforms and IOT
  • Commoditized hardware and orchestration of everything else
  • Ubiquitous, high bandwidth radio access capabilities
  • Shift to global “content distribution networks” on demand where discoverable endpoint and traffic intelligence become highly valuable
  • Intelligence shifts from endpoints to middleboxes and data centres
  • Trusted platforms, middlebox based traffic analysis, and auditing become security essentials

Explaining these features and conclusions are beyond the scope of a basic primer, but readers can do their own homework using authoritative source materials.

Threaded through this array of capabilities is a need for security that is best summed up as constant “cyber hygiene” representing a virtualization reapplication of today’s 20 CIS Critical Security Controls. Unilateral actions undermining public international law like banning a vendor’s hardware because of its place of incorporation are not only unlawful but utterly delusional and counterproductive toward addressing the necessary capabilities. The 5G security capabilities have for several years been developed and evolved continuously in global industry bodies.

The problem here is that understanding all of the above requires a comprehensive level of knowledge and available resources to distill from a broad array of activities — and those resources only exist in a few companies and institutions. As a result, the purveyors of jingoistic 5G snake oil political analysis are left to pursue their trade. Simplistic portrayals of 5G are low-hanging fruit for a world challenged by understanding even the basics of how a smartphone works.

Emerging 5G markets, strategies, and participants

There are arguably four classes of winners in the 5G world. In the near term, they include a few companies and their component suppliers who can exist in the global 5G mass commodity physical “box” game that has a finite market period and extends into developing countries. Their success is synergistic and important to the derivative markets. The three additional, larger, persistent, and even more lucrative market winners in this massive tectonic shift to a tailored, on-demand, content delivery global architecture, are: 1) those who provide the low latency, trusted network slice orchestrations out of cloud data centre/MEC facilities and middleboxes, 2) those who collect and maintain the mobile endpoint identifiers and intelligence to provide resolver services, and 3) those who can maintain and provide content for specific classes of customers.

The providers who fall into all of the above categories are very actively engaged in the real 5G/NFV work. They encompass product vendors and service providers at multiple levels across the globe — in many instances, orchestrating different subsidiaries across multiple countries. Some industry consortiums in the cable, railway, and automobile fields have become prominent. The metrics of the huge commitments of personnel and contributions of intellectual property in submissions are available in all the venues. In the 5G security arena, by any metric, there is only one clear global leader — the UK’s National Cyber Security Centre.

Principal 5G Challenges

Although the challenges are certain to evolve over time, those that are obvious at this point fall into three categories: 1) effective, inclusive global arrangements for extraterritorial orchestrations of 5G architectures and services including access to forensics, 2) concentration of 5G orchestration, resolver and end-point intelligence services in the hands of a few commercial providers, and 3) an inability of government institutions to understand the previous two challenges and their own strategic interests. The last challenge is largely resident in only one nation at the moment.

The first challenge can be potentially satisfied by further extending the many global intergovernmental arrangements developed a century ago for the first global radio-based networks and a quarter-century ago for public internets. To the extent solutions cannot be found, costs will simply be driven up and market access limited by building more national-based facilities that operate within a confined jurisdiction. The second challenge is similar to the first with complex antitrust, privacy, law enforcement, and national security overlays. Nations will similarly insist on geographic jurisdictional compartmentalization. The third challenge will hopefully be solved in the near future.

About the author:

Quote:

 “Principal, Netmagic Associates LLC
Joined on August 15, 2012 – United States
Total Post Views: 602,279

Tony Rutkowski is a Distinguished Senior Research Fellow at the Georgia Institute of Technology’s Center for International Strategy, Technology, and Policy (CISTP) at the Sam Nunn School of International Affairs.  As Executive Vice President for Yaana Technologies, he has served as rapporteur for cybersecurity in ITU-T since 2009 and served as the counselor for two ITU Secretaries-General between 1988 and 1992, co-authored a published ITU history, and led development and authored many regulatory provisions, laws, briefs, treaties, standards, books, and articles as an engineer-lawyer over many years in multiple positions in industry, government and academic institutions.  At one time, he did real engineering – being responsible for the communications and command & control systems as part of the Apollo Launch Teams at KSC Launch Complex 39″  http://www.circleid.com/members/6809/